Cilostazol is an antiplatelet agent and vasodilator used for the symptomatic relief of intermittent claudication. Take Cilostazol exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed. Cilostazol is usually taken twice a day, at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after breakfast and dinner. Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water. Cilostazol can be taken with or without food. However, it is best to take it with food to reduce the risk of stomach upset. If you miss a dose of Cilostazol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not take two doses at once. It is important to take Cilostazol regularly to get the most benefit from it. Continue taking Cilostazol even if you feel better. Do not stop taking Cilostazol without talking to your doctor. If you have any questions about how to take Cilostazol, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Additional information⁚How to take Cilostazol
What is Cilostazol?
The usual dose of Cilostazol is 100 mg twice a day, taken at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after breakfast and dinner. Your doctor may adjust your dose depending on how well you tolerate the medication and how well it is working. Cilostazol should be taken for at least 4 weeks to see the full benefits of the medication. If you miss a dose of Cilostazol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not take two doses at once. It is important to take Cilostazol regularly to get the most benefit from it. Continue taking Cilostazol even if you feel better. Do not stop taking Cilostazol without talking to your doctor. Dosage for different conditions⁚ Dosage adjustments⁚ It is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully when taking Cilostazol. Cilostazol can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. Some of the most common side effects include⁚ In rare cases, Cilostazol can cause more serious side effects, such as⁚ If you experience any side effects from Cilostazol, talk to your doctor. They may be able to lower your dose or prescribe another medication to help manage the side effects. Important⁚ Cilostazol can increase the risk of bleeding. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any history of bleeding disorders. Cilostazol can increase the risk of bleeding. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any history of bleeding disorders. Cilostazol should be used with caution in patients with⁚ Cilostazol is not recommended for use in patients with⁚ Pregnancy and breastfeeding⁚ Cilostazol should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Children⁚ Cilostazol is not recommended for use in children under the age of 18. Other warnings⁚ It is important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully when taking Cilostazol. Cilostazol can interact with other medications, including⁚ It is important to tell your doctor about all of the medications you are taking, including prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.
Food interactions⁚ Cilostazol should be taken on an empty stomach. Food can decrease the absorption of Cilostazol and reduce its effectiveness. Grapefruit juice⁚ Grapefruit juice can increase the levels of Cilostazol in the blood and increase the risk of side effects. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking Cilostazol. If you have any questions about drug interactions, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.Dosage
Side effects of Cilostazol
Warnings
Interactions
Overdose
Symptoms of a Cilostazol overdose may include⁚
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
- Palpitations (irregular heartbeat)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Seizures
- Coma
If you think someone has overdosed on Cilostazol, call 911 immediately. Do not induce vomiting or give the person any fluids. Stay with the person until help arrives.
Treatment of overdose⁚ There is no specific antidote for a Cilostazol overdose. Treatment is supportive and may include⁚
- Gastric lavage (pumping the stomach)
- Activated charcoal
- Intravenous fluids
- Vasopressors (medications to raise blood pressure)
- Anticonvulsants (medications to stop seizures)
The prognosis for a Cilostazol overdose depends on the severity of the overdose and the promptness of treatment.
Storage
Store Cilostazol at room temperature, between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C). Protect from light and moisture.
Do not store Cilostazol in the bathroom or other areas where it may be exposed to heat or moisture.
Keep Cilostazol out of reach of children and pets.
Unused or expired medication⁚ If you have any unused or expired Cilostazol, do not flush it down the toilet or pour it down the drain; Instead, dispose of it properly by following the instructions in your community's household hazardous waste disposal program.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is available as a tablet and an injection.
- The tablets are available in strengths of 50 mg and 100 mg.
- The injection is available in a strength of 10 mg/mL.
It is important to store Cilostazol properly to maintain its effectiveness and safety.
Missed dose
If you miss a dose of Cilostazol, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time.
Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
It is important to take Cilostazol regularly to get the most benefit from it. If you miss doses frequently, talk to your doctor about how to improve your adherence to your medication regimen.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is usually taken twice a day, at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after breakfast and dinner.
- If you are taking Cilostazol for intermittent claudication, it is important to take it regularly, even if you are not experiencing any symptoms.
- Cilostazol can take several weeks to start working. Do not stop taking Cilostazol without talking to your doctor.
If you have any questions about what to do if you miss a dose of Cilostazol, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Pregnancy
Cilostazol is not recommended for use during pregnancy.
Cilostazol can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Animal studies have shown that Cilostazol can cause birth defects, including cleft palate and heart defects.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Cilostazol use in pregnant women. However, there have been reports of spontaneous abortions, premature births, and low birth weights in women who took Cilostazol during pregnancy.
If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a category C pregnancy drug. This means that animal studies have shown some risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
- Cilostazol should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.
- If you are taking Cilostazol and become pregnant, talk to your doctor immediately.
It is important to weigh the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol during pregnancy with your doctor.
Breastfeeding
Cilostazol is not recommended for use during breastfeeding.
Cilostazol can pass into breast milk and reach the nursing infant. There have been reports of infants who experienced bleeding and other side effects after being exposed to Cilostazol through breast milk.
If you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a category C lactation drug. This means that animal studies have shown some risk to the nursing infant, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in breastfeeding women.
- Cilostazol should only be used during breastfeeding if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.
- If you are taking Cilostazol and breastfeeding, talk to your doctor immediately.
It is important to weigh the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol during breastfeeding with your doctor.
Children
Cilostazol is not recommended for use in children under the age of 18.
The safety and efficacy of Cilostazol in children have not been established.
In animal studies, Cilostazol has been shown to cause developmental toxicity, including cleft palate and heart defects.
Therefore, Cilostazol should not be used in children unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a category C pregnancy drug. This means that animal studies have shown some risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
- Cilostazol should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks.
- If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol.
It is important to weigh the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol in children with your doctor.
Seniors
Cilostazol can be used in seniors with caution.
Seniors are more likely to have kidney and liver problems, which can affect the way Cilostazol is metabolized and excreted.
Seniors are also more likely to be taking other medications, which can interact with Cilostazol.
Therefore, it is important for seniors to talk to their doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol.
Additional information⁚
- The starting dose of Cilostazol is usually lower for seniors than for younger adults.
- Seniors may need to have their Cilostazol dose adjusted more frequently than younger adults.
- Seniors should be monitored closely for side effects while taking Cilostazol.
It is important to weigh the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol in seniors with your doctor.
Alternatives
There are a number of alternative medications that can be used to treat intermittent claudication, the condition for which Cilostazol is most commonly prescribed.
These alternatives include⁚
- Pentoxifylline⁚ Pentoxifylline is a medication that improves blood flow by reducing the viscosity of blood.
- Cilostazol⁚ Cilostazol is a medication that inhibits platelet aggregation and dilates blood vessels.
- Vasoactive drugs⁚ Vasoactive drugs are medications that relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.
- Statins⁚ Statins are medications that lower cholesterol levels. Statins can improve blood flow by reducing the buildup of plaque in arteries.
- Antiplatelet agents⁚ Antiplatelet agents are medications that prevent platelets from clumping together and forming blood clots.
The best alternative medication for you will depend on your individual needs and medical history.
It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of all of your treatment options before making a decision.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is generally considered to be more effective than pentoxifylline for the treatment of intermittent claudication.
- Cilostazol is also generally well-tolerated, with the most common side effects being headache, diarrhea, and flushing.
- Cilostazol is not recommended for use in people with severe liver or kidney disease.
It is important to weigh the risks and benefits of taking Cilostazol with your doctor.
Brand names
Cilostazol is available under the following brand names⁚
- Pletal
- Apo-Cilostazol
- Cilostazol Teva
- PMS-Cilostazol
- Sandoz Cilostazol
Cilostazol is a generic medication. Generic medications are typically cheaper than brand-name medications, but they contain the same active ingredients.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is available as a tablet and an injection.
- The tablets are available in strengths of 50 mg and 100 mg.
- The injection is available in a strength of 10 mg/mL.
It is important to talk to your doctor about the best brand of Cilostazol for you.
Generic name
The generic name of Cilostazol is cilostazol.
A generic name is the official name for a drug. Generic names are usually shorter and easier to pronounce than brand names.
Generic medications are typically cheaper than brand-name medications, but they contain the same active ingredients.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a generic medication.
- Cilostazol is available as a tablet and an injection.
- The tablets are available in strengths of 50 mg and 100 mg.
- The injection is available in a strength of 10 mg/mL.
It is important to talk to your doctor about the best brand of Cilostazol for you.
Chemical name
The chemical name of Cilostazol is 6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone.
A chemical name is a systematic name that describes the structure of a molecule.
Chemical names are often long and difficult to pronounce, but they are important for identifying and classifying drugs.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a quinolinone derivative.
- Cilostazol is a white to off-white powder.
- Cilostazol is soluble in water.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Formula
The molecular formula of Cilostazol is C20H27N5O2.
A molecular formula is a chemical formula that shows the number and type of atoms in a molecule.
Molecular formulas are important for identifying and classifying drugs.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol has a molecular weight of 361.45 g/mol;
- Cilostazol is a white to off-white powder.
- Cilostazol is soluble in water.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
CAS number
The CAS number of Cilostazol is 73967-02-1.
A CAS number is a unique numerical identifier assigned to each chemical substance by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS).
CAS numbers are used to identify and track chemical substances in databases and other scientific literature.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is also known as OPC-13013.
- Cilostazol is a white to off-white powder.
- Cilostazol is soluble in water.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
ATC code
The ATC code of Cilostazol is C04AX22.
An ATC code is a unique alphanumeric code assigned to each drug by the World Health Organization (WHO).
ATC codes are used to classify drugs into different therapeutic groups and subgroups.
The ATC code for Cilostazol is C04AX22, which means that it is classified as a peripheral vasodilator.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a quinolinone derivative.
- Cilostazol is used to treat intermittent claudication.
- Cilostazol is available as a tablet and an injection.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Mechanism of action
Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor.
Phosphodiesterase 3 is an enzyme that breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
cAMP is a second messenger that is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and smooth muscle relaxation.
By inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3, Cilostazol increases the levels of cAMP in cells.
This leads to vasodilation, platelet inhibition, and smooth muscle relaxation.
These effects improve blood flow and reduce the risk of blood clots.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3.
- Cilostazol has antiplatelet, vasodilatory, and antiproliferative effects.
- Cilostazol is used to treat intermittent claudication.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Pharmacokinetics
Cilostazol is rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
The bioavailability of Cilostazol is about 50%.
Cilostazol is highly bound to plasma proteins (95%).
Cilostazol is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
The major metabolite of Cilostazol is 4'-trans-hydroxy Cilostazol.
Cilostazol and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces.
Additional information⁚
- The half-life of Cilostazol is about 11 hours.
- Cilostazol is a substrate for P-glycoprotein.
- Cilostazol is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Metabolism
Cilostazol is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
The major metabolite of Cilostazol is 4'-trans-hydroxy Cilostazol.
4'-trans-hydroxy Cilostazol is less active than Cilostazol.
Other metabolites of Cilostazol include⁚
- 3'-trans-hydroxy Cilostazol
- 4'-cis-hydroxy Cilostazol
- 6'-hydroxy Cilostazol
- 7-hydroxy Cilostazol
These metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4.
- Cilostazol is a substrate for P-glycoprotein.
- Cilostazol is highly bound to plasma proteins (95%).
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Excretion
Cilostazol and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces.
About 70% of a dose of Cilostazol is excreted in the urine, and about 30% is excreted in the feces.
The half-life of Cilostazol is about 11 hours.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a substrate for P-glycoprotein.
- Cilostazol is highly bound to plasma proteins (95%).
- Cilostazol is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Half-life
The half-life of Cilostazol is about 11 hours.
The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half.
The half-life of Cilostazol is relatively short, which means that it is rapidly eliminated from the body.
This is important to consider when dosing Cilostazol, as it means that the drug must be taken multiple times per day to maintain a therapeutic effect.
Additional information⁚
- Cilostazol is a substrate for P-glycoprotein.
- Cilostazol is highly bound to plasma proteins (95%).
- Cilostazol is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4.
Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Bioavailability
The bioavailability of Cilostazol is about 50%. Bioavailability is the fraction of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation after administration. The bioavailability of Cilostazol is relatively low, which means that only about half of the drug that is taken orally is absorbed into the bloodstream. This is important to consider when dosing Cilostazol, as it means that a higher dose may be needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. Additional information⁚ Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s. Cilostazol is administered orally. Cilostazol is available as a tablet and an injection. The tablets are usually taken twice a day, at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after breakfast and dinner. The injection is usually given once a day. Additional information⁚ Cilostazol is a synthetic compound that was first developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Route of administration
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